【attributive(clause公开课)】在英语语法的学习中,定语从句(Attributive Clause)是一个非常重要的知识点。它不仅在阅读理解中频繁出现,而且在写作和口语表达中也起着关键作用。掌握好定语从句,有助于我们更准确、更自然地表达复杂的意思。
一、什么是定语从句?
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。它在句子中充当定语的角色,用来进一步说明先行词(即被修饰的名词或代词)的性质、特征或身份。
例如:
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
(我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。)
在这个句子中,“that I borrowed from the library”就是定语从句,修饰先行词“the book”。
二、常见的关系代词与关系副词
| 关系词 | 用法 | 例子 |
|--------|------|------|
| that | 指人或物,作主语或宾语 | The man that is standing there is my teacher. |
| which| 指物,作主语或宾语 | The car which is parked outside is mine. |
| who| 指人,作主语 | The girl who is singing is my sister. |
| whom | 指人,作宾语 | The person whom you met yesterday is a doctor. |
| whose| 表示所属关系 | The student whose essay won the prize is from Class 3. |
| when | 指时间,作状语 | I still remember the day when we first met. |
| where| 指地点,作状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
| why| 指原因,作状语 | That’s the reason why he left early. |
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句是否省略关系词,可以分为:
1. 限制性定语从句(Defining Attributive Clause)
用于限定先行词的范围,不能省略,否则句子意思不完整。
- 例句:The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.
(这个正在和老师说话的男人是我的父亲。)
2. 非限制性定语从句(Non-defining Attributive Clause)
对先行词进行补充说明,可以省略,不影响句子的基本意义。
- 例句:My brother, who lives in Beijing, is coming to visit us.
(我的哥哥,住在北京,要来看我们。)
四、使用定语从句的注意事项
1. 关系词的选择
必须根据先行词是人还是物来选择合适的关系词。例如,指人用who/whom/whose,指物用which/that/whose。
2. 关系词在从句中的成分
要注意关系词在从句中充当什么成分,如主语、宾语、定语等。
3. 避免重复使用关系词
在某些情况下,如果关系词在从句中作宾语,可以省略。
- 例句:The book (that) I bought yesterday is very expensive.
(我昨天买的那本书很贵。)
4. 避免“that”和“which”的混淆
在非限制性定语从句中,不能使用“that”,只能用“which”。
五、练习巩固
1. The city ______ I was born is very beautiful.
A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when
2. The woman ______ is wearing a red dress is my aunt.
A. whoB. whichC. whomD. where
3. This is the school ______ I studied for five years.
A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when
六、总结
定语从句是英语学习中不可忽视的一部分,它不仅能丰富语言表达,还能提高语言的逻辑性和准确性。通过不断练习和积累,大家一定能够熟练运用定语从句,让自己的英语表达更加地道、自然。
如果你对定语从句还有疑问,欢迎继续提问!我们一起进步!