【定语从句五种基本句型】在英语语法中,定语从句是一种非常重要的句子结构,用于修饰名词或代词,提供更多信息。掌握定语从句的基本句型,有助于提高写作和阅读理解能力。以下是常见的五种定语从句基本句型总结。
一、定语从句五种基本句型总结
句型 | 结构 | 说明 |
1. 主语+谓语+关系代词(which/that/who/whom)+ 主语+谓语 | The book that I bought is interesting. | 关系代词“that”引导的定语从句,修饰“book”,作从句的主语。 |
2. 主语+谓语+关系代词(which/that/who/whom)+ 谓语+宾语 | The man who is talking to Mary is my teacher. | “who”引导的定语从句,修饰“man”,作从句的主语。 |
3. 主语+谓语+关系代词(which/that/who/whom)+ 谓语+宾语+介词+关系代词 | The girl to whom you gave the gift is my sister. | “to whom”引导的定语从句,修饰“girl”,作介词“to”的宾语。 |
4. 主语+谓语+关系副词(when/where/why)+ 主语+谓语 | The day when we met was unforgettable. | “when”引导的定语从句,修饰“day”,表示时间。 |
5. 主语+谓语+关系副词(when/where/why)+ 谓语+宾语 | The place where we stayed was very beautiful. | “where”引导的定语从句,修饰“place”,表示地点。 |
二、使用注意事项
1. 关系代词与关系副词的选择:根据先行词的不同选择合适的引导词。例如,当先行词是人时,用“who/whom/that”;当先行词是物时,用“which/that”;当先行词是时间、地点或原因时,分别用“when/where/why”。
2. 关系代词是否省略:在非正式场合中,当关系代词作宾语时,可以省略。例如:“The book (that) I read is good.” 但在正式写作中,通常保留关系代词以增强清晰度。
3. 介词位置的变化:在某些情况下,介词可以放在关系代词之前,形成“介词 + 关系代词”的结构,如“the girl to whom you spoke”。
三、实际应用示例
- 句型1:The car that he drove is new.
- 句型2:The student who passed the exam is my friend.
- 句型3:The woman to whom I gave a gift is my aunt.
- 句型4:The time when we arrived was late.
- 句型5:The city where I was born is beautiful.
通过掌握这五种基本句型,学习者可以更灵活地运用定语从句,使语言表达更加丰富和准确。建议多做练习,结合实际语境进行理解和运用。
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