【Not(only的用法)】在英语学习中,"not only" 是一个非常常见的表达方式,常用于强调某事不仅仅是一个方面,而是包含更多内容。它通常与 "but also" 搭配使用,形成固定结构 "not only... but also...",用来突出两个并列成分的重要性。
一、基本结构
"not only... but also..." 的基本结构是:
> Not only + 主语 + 动词..., but also + 主语 + 动词...
例如:
- Not only does he like coffee, but also he drinks it every day.
(他不仅喜欢咖啡,而且每天都会喝。)
在这个句子中,“not only” 引导的是第一个分句,而 “but also” 引导的是第二个分句,两者都表示对主语和动词的强调。
二、位置变化
在某些情况下,"not only" 可以放在句首,这时需要进行倒装。例如:
- Not only is she talented, but also she works hard.
(她不仅有才华,而且很努力。)
这种倒装结构在正式或书面语中较为常见,可以增强语气。
三、强调重点
"not only" 的主要作用是强调某个事实或观点,并且通过 "but also" 补充说明另一个相关的内容。它不仅可以用于描述人,也可以用于描述事物、情况等。
例如:
- Not only the weather was bad, but also the traffic was heavy.
(不仅天气不好,而且交通也很拥堵。)
四、省略“but also”的情况
在某些口语或非正式场合中,人们可能会省略 “but also”,只使用 “not only” 来强调某个部分,但这种用法并不常见,也不太规范。
例如:
- ❌ Not only he is smart.(不推荐)
- ✅ He is not only smart, but also kind.(推荐)
五、注意语法一致性
当使用 "not only... but also..." 结构时,要确保前后两个部分的语法结构一致。例如:
- ✅ Not only did she finish her work, but also she helped others.
(她不仅完成了自己的工作,还帮助了别人。)
- ❌ Not only she finished her work, but also helping others.(错误,后半句应为动词原形)
六、常见错误
1. 主谓不一致:
- ❌ Not only the students are tired, but also the teacher is.
- ✅ Not only are the students tired, but also the teacher is.
2. 忽略倒装:
- ❌ Not only she likes music, but also she plays piano.
- ✅ Not only does she like music, but also she plays piano.
3. 结构不平行:
- ❌ Not only he studied, but also he passed the exam.
- ✅ Not only did he study, but also did he pass the exam.(更正式)
- 或者:Not only did he study, but he also passed the exam.
总结
"not only... but also..." 是一个非常实用的表达结构,能够有效地强调两个并列的事实或观点。掌握其正确用法,不仅能提升语言表达的准确性,还能让句子更加自然流畅。在使用过程中,要注意语法结构、主谓一致以及是否需要倒装,这样才能避免常见的错误,写出地道的英语句子。